Electrical Transformers: Definition, Operation and Types

Electrical Transformers: Definition, Operation and Types

The electrical transformer turns out to be fundamental in many everyday situations without us realizing it. But what is this device and why is it so relevant? In this article we will discover the nature, use, various types of transformers and their operation.

What is an Electrical Transformer?

Before delving into the technical specifics, it is important to define what a transformer is and what it does. An electrical transformer is a device that allows you to change 230V alternating current into low voltage, with extremely relevant practical implications, such as powering household appliances or using battery chargers for smartphones or other 12V devices.

The Function of the Electrical Transformer

Simply put, the transformer converts the current from 230V to 12V or a different voltage, allowing the correct functioning of electronic devices, without risk of damage resulting from excess current. A daily use, basic but fundamental for our technology.

Do you know the key components of electrical transformers?

Before going further, it is important to understand what we can find inside our electrical transformers. These powerful devices have several key parts, including:

• Input circuit

  At this point, the current enters at 230V. This is where the electricity begins its journey through the transformer.

• Output circuit

  In contrast to the input circuit, the output circuit is where the transformed current becomes available at another voltage, such as 12V.

• Nucleus

  The heart of the transformer is the core, a ferromagnetic generator made up of numerous iron plates.

The input and output are well isolated and, in some circumstances, can be reversed for special functions. In general, these are two solenoids wrapped in the same magnet, but isolated. These are known as the primary and secondary circuit.

How does an electrical transformer work?

Now that we understand the key components of transformers, the question may arise: how does a transformer actually work?

Once current enters the transformer through the input circuit, the core becomes magnetized, creating a magnetic field proportional to both the output voltage and the number of metal turns (windings around the coil). This energy is not wasted thanks to the materials used to manufacture it.

Based on the principle discovered by Faraday-Lenz, when the nucleus is magnetized, the alternating current causes the intensity of this magnetic field to vary over time, generating a current of equal intensity in the second solenoid.

Curiously, by reducing the number of turns of the second solenoid, the output voltage will be lower. Conversely, if the number of turns is greater, the output current will be higher - a phenomenon known as "transformer rising".

Discover the most common types of transformers

A journey through current, voltage, insulation and three-phase transformers

Depending on the field of use or function we can distinguish four main types of transformers. Let's discover them together:

• Current transformers

  The current transformer is used to reduce very high currents and thus be able to measure them. This transformer can proportionally reduce the output current depending on the value of the input current.

• Voltage transformers

  As for voltage transformers, the output voltage is constant and is directly proportional to the number of metal turns that wrap the conductors. They can provide a wider output voltage range, allowing you to directly select how many volts to power the device with.

• Isolation transformers

  Isolation transformers are used in the medical field to ensure more safety, reliability and stability even when standard grounding cannot be used.

• Three-phase transformers

  Finally, the three-phase transformer is the most used in electrical systems thanks to its low voltage current transmission capacity. This type of transformer can be composed of 3 single-phase transformers or 3 primary and 3 secondary windings connected to the core in parallel.

Final considerations

In conclusion, electrical transformers are essential components for the correct functioning of electrical systems, ensuring the safety and energy efficiency required for modern industrial and domestic applications. Choosing the right transformer can make the difference in terms of performance and longevity of your system.

At Elettroclick, we understand the importance of offering high-quality and technologically advanced products. Our wide range of electrical transformers has been selected to meet the most diverse needs, ensuring reliability, efficiency and compliance with current regulations.